Defects Liability Period 保修期 HK
A post-handover period — typically 12 months in Hong Kong residential contracts — during which the contractor must rectify any defects at no additional cost to the owner. The final retention payment is released at the end of this period.
交收後的保修期（香港住宅合約通常為 12 個月），承建商須免費修繕缺陷。保留金餘款於保修期結束後發放。
Site Handover 交場 HK
The moment the developer or landlord formally transfers possession of a bare shell unit to the owner. All renovation timelines are measured from this date. A condition report should be signed at handover to document existing defects.
發展商或業主正式將未裝修單位交予業主的時刻，所有裝修時間表從此日期開始計算。交場時應簽署狀況報告，記錄現有缺陷。
Snagging 驗收清單
The systematic inspection at project completion where all defects, incomplete items, and non-conforming works are recorded in a punch list before the final payment is released. Typically carried out jointly by the designer, client, and contractor.
竣工時系統性檢查的過程，記錄所有缺陷、未完成項目及不符要求的工程，於釋放尾款前完成。通常由設計師、業主及承建商共同進行。
Tender Period 招標期
The period during which contractors submit pricing for a defined scope of works. Typically 2–3 weeks for residential projects in Hong Kong. All tenderers receive identical documents so quotations are directly comparable.
承建商就既定工程範圍提交報價的時期。香港住宅項目通常為兩至三週。所有投標方收到相同文件，確保報價可作直接比較。
Custom Joinery / Made-to-Measure Furniture 訂造傢俬 HK
Built-in furniture made to fit the exact space — usually the largest single block of a Hong Kong renovation, because compact flats rely on fitted storage. A legitimate maker measures on site, then has you sign off a shop drawing before anything is cut; that sign-off is the step scam shops (黑店) skip and the top source of disputes.
按空間度身訂造的固定傢俬——通常是香港裝修中最大的單一部分，因為細單位依賴訂造收納。正規師傅先現場度尺，再讓你在開料前簽核施工圖；這一簽核正是黑店最常略過、也是爭議最大的環節。
False / Dropped Ceiling 假天花
A secondary ceiling built below the structural slab to conceal air-conditioning pipes, wiring and a curtain pelmet, and to house recessed lighting and cove strips (燈槽). In Hong Kong it is usually moisture-resistant plasterboard with access panels for servicing; it lowers the finished ceiling height, so it is planned around beam depths and AC positions.
在結構樓板之下加建的次天花，用以隱藏冷氣喉管、電線及窗簾盒，並容納嵌燈及燈槽。香港一般採用防潮石膏板並設維修口以便日後檢修；由於會降低完成後的樓底高度，須配合橫樑深度及冷氣位置規劃。
FF&E 活動家具及設備
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment — the loose, moveable elements installed in a space that are not permanently attached to the building structure. FF&E is typically procured separately from the main construction contract and installed in the final stage of a fit-out.
活動家具、固定裝置及設備——安裝於空間內、非永久附著於建築結構的可移動元素。FF&E 通常與主要施工合約分開採購，於裝修最後階段安裝。
Hardware (Hinges & Runners) 五金
The moving parts of joinery — hinges, drawer runners and handles. On a custom-furniture quote the hardware brand should be named (e.g. Blum, Hettich) rather than described as 'European hardware', because quality hardware is what keeps doors and drawers soft-closing and true for years; skimping here shows within a couple of seasons regardless of the box quality.
傢俬的活動部件——鉸鏈、抽屜路軌及把手。訂造傢俬報價應列明五金品牌（如 Blum、Hettich），而非只寫「歐洲五金」，因為優質五金決定門及抽屜能否多年保持順滑緩衝；在此偷工，無論櫃身多好，一兩季內便會顯現。
M&E Works 機電工程
Mechanical and Electrical works — all concealed conduit, wiring, plumbing rough-in, and HVAC ducting installed before any plastering or wall-boarding. M&E must be fully tested and signed off before it is enclosed, as rework after plastering is extremely costly.
機電工程——包括所有隱藏管線、電力佈線、水喉粗裝及冷氣風管，須在批盪或立牆板前完成。機電工程須全面測試及簽認後方可封閉，因批盪後返工費用極高。
Waterproofing 防水 HK
The membrane applied to wet-area floors and walls, and detailed at corners, drains and pipe penetrations, before tiling. In Hong Kong specify a factory-calibrated two-component system (e.g. Sika 107), apply two coats in a cross pattern (十字刷法), and flood-test for 24 hours before any screed. Confirm it is included after any bathroom or kitchen demolition.
在鋪磚前塗於濕區地面及牆身，並在牆角、去水口及水管穿位加強處理的防水層。香港應指定廠家配比的雙組分系統（如 Sika 107），以十字刷法分兩層塗刷，並在澆灌找平前進行 24 小時浸水測試。任何浴室或廚房拆卸後，應確認報價已包含防水。
Wet Works 濕水工程
Construction activities using water-mixed materials: plastering, floor screeding, tile adhesive, and waterproofing membrane application. Wet works must fully cure before dry trades can proceed — typically 7–28 days depending on material — making them the primary driver of renovation scheduling in Hong Kong.
涉及水性材料的施工工序，包括批盪、找平、鋪磚黏合劑及防水膜施工。濕水工程須完全乾透（視乎材料，通常為 7 至 28 天），後續乾作業方可進行，是香港裝修工程排期的主要影響因素。
Engineered Stone 工程石材
A composite surface made from approximately 90–95% crushed quartz bound with resin. More consistent in pattern and harder-wearing than natural marble, with no sealing required. Standard for kitchen worktops and bathroom vanities in Hong Kong residential projects.
由約 90–95% 石英碎粒與樹脂黏合而成的複合面材，花紋比天然大理石更均一，耐磨度更高，無需封石處理。常見於香港住宅廚房工作台及浴室洗手盆台面。
Micro-cement 微水泥 HK
A polymer-modified cementitious coating hand-applied in thin 1–2mm layers to give a seamless, grout-free concrete look on walls, floors or joinery — the signature surface of wabi-sabi interiors. It needs a specialist applicator (not a standard painter), a stable crack-controlled substrate and a breathable sealer; in Hong Kong humidity, proper prep and ventilation are what keep it from hairline-cracking or harbouring mould.
聚合物改性水泥塗層，以 1–2mm 薄層手工分層施工，在牆身、地面或傢俬上呈現無縫、無灰縫的混凝土質感，是侘寂風的標誌面層。需專業施工人員（非一般油漆工）、穩定且控制裂縫的底層及透氣封層；在香港濕度下，妥善的底層處理與通風正是避免細裂及發霉的關鍵。
SPC / LVT (Luxury Vinyl Tile) 石塑地板 (LVT) HK
A multi-layer waterproof vinyl-family flooring that mimics wood or stone. The dominant Hong Kong variant is SPC (石塑地板) — a rigid stone-plastic core that click-locks straight over existing tiles with no hacking, cutting noise, waste and cost, and shrugging off the city's humidity. Softer flexible vinyl (膠地板) is the glued-down cousin.
多層防水膠地板，仿木材或石材外觀。香港主流為石塑地板（SPC）——硬身石塑芯以扣鎖方式直接鋪於現有瓷磚上，免拆磚，降低噪音、廢料及費用，並耐潮濕；較軟身的膠地板則需黏貼。
Labour-Only 只計工 HK
A quotation line covering installation only — the client buys the material separately. A labour-only line looks cheaper than supply-and-install (連工包料) until the material cost lands on you, which is where many apparent price gaps between quotes come from.
只計算安裝工錢的報價項目——物料由客戶自行購買。只計工的一項看似比「連工包料」便宜，直到物料錢自己找數；不同報價之間的價差往往源於此。
Prime Cost Sum 主要費用金額
The contractor's estimated cost for a specific item to be supplied by a nominated supplier or subcontractor, before the contractor's attendance and profit margin is added. Distinct from a Provisional Sum, which covers undefined scope rather than a nominated supplier.
承建商為指定供應商或分包商提供的特定項目所估算的費用，不包括承建商的配合費及利潤。與暫定金額有別——後者涵蓋範圍未定的工程，而非指定供應商。
Provisional Sum 暫定金額
A budget allowance in a contract for works whose exact scope cannot yet be defined — common for bespoke items like marble selection or custom lighting. The provisional sum is replaced by the actual cost once the item is fully specified and agreed.
合約內為範圍未確定的工程項目預留的預算金額，常見於訂製石材或特色燈飾。一旦確認規格並達成協議，暫定金額即以實際費用取代。
Retention Sum 保留金 HK
A percentage of the contract sum — typically 5–10% in Hong Kong — withheld from progress payments as security against defective work. Half is released at practical completion; the remainder is released at the end of the defects liability period.
從進度款中扣留的合約金額百分比（香港通常為 5–10%），作為防範缺陷工程的保障。一般於實際竣工時釋放一半，餘款於保修期結束後發放。
Supply-and-Install 連工包料 HK
A quotation line where the contractor both provides the material and installs it. The opposite of labour-only (只計工). Mixing the two unknowingly is the single biggest reason a final bill overshoots the quote, so confirm which model applies to every major line.
報價項目中，判頭同時提供物料並負責安裝，與「只計工」相反。不知情下混用兩者，是最終埋單超支的最大原因，因此每一大項都應確認屬哪一種。
Variation Order 工程變更令
A formal written instruction that changes the contracted scope of works — adding, omitting, or substituting items. Each variation order adjusts the contract sum and must be agreed and signed by both parties before the varied work proceeds.
正式書面指令，更改合約工程範圍，包括增加、刪減或替換項目。每份工程變更令須雙方同意並簽署後，方可執行相關工程，並調整合約金額。
Fire Services Installation 消防裝置 HK
Any alteration to a building's fire detection, suppression, or emergency lighting system requires prior approval from the Fire Services Department. This is a common requirement in commercial fit-outs when demising walls are repositioned and sprinkler heads must be relocated.
任何對建築物火警探測、滅火或緊急照明系統的改動，均須事先獲消防處批准。商業裝修中重新分間、移動灑水頭時，此要求最為常見。
Minor Works (Class I / II / III) 小型工程（第 I / II / III 類） HK
A regulatory framework under the Hong Kong Buildings Ordinance for prescribed minor building works. Class I requires notification to the Buildings Department; Class II and III can be self-certified by registered contractors. Removing or altering structural walls always requires separate structural approval, regardless of class.
根據香港《建築物條例》，規管指定小型建築工程的框架。第 I 類須通知屋宇署；第 II 及 III 類可由註冊承建商自行認證。拆除或改動承重牆無論屬哪類，均須另行申請結構批准。
Reinstatement / Making Good 還原 HK
Restoring a surface or area after other work — such as patching and finishing a wall after demolition. Worth watching on a quote for two reasons: it is a common place for add-on charges to hide, and it can also mean reinstating unauthorised building works (UBW), a separate obligation. Ask exactly what any 還原 line covers.
在其他工程完成後復原某表面或範圍，例如拆卸後修補及完成牆身。報價上值得留意，原因有二：這是加價常見的藏身處，亦可指還原僭建物，是另一項責任。應問清楚每項「還原」實際包含甚麼。
